This article examines national differences and tendencies of population distribution in China’s border regions using LandScan population density data and GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics. The broad pattern is that the southern border region is densely populated while the northern sparsely inhabited. Population density in the domestic region is higher than in the foreign region on the northeast and northwest border, while it is in the opposite on the southwest border. Population density is universally lower in the foreign regions than in the domestic regions. Population decline is a major characteristic of population change on the Chinese border, with major population reductions occurred in the domestic regions on the northeast and northwest borders and in the foreign regions on the ChinaNorth Korea border and the southwest border.